Skou (nucl1634-1)

Donohue, Mark. A Grammar of the Skou language of Papua. 2002.

Consonants (13)

p b	t	ɟ	k
f
m	n
		j		w	h
	l
	r

Vowels (13)

i ĩ	ʉ	u ũ
ø ø̃
ɛ ɛ̃		ɔ ɔ̃
	a ã

Tones (3)

˥ ˥˩ ˧

Notes

There's complicated vowel allophony depending on surrounding vowels and whether or not there's a preceding consonant. This isn't described here.

There are three phonetic degrees of nasalization: strongly nasalized (phonemic nasal vowels), weakly nasalized (produced by rightward spreading of nasality from nasal vowels or consonants, and blocked by oral consonants), and oral.

Allophonic rules

p > pʷ / _V[-round]
p >~ ⁿp / V[+nasal]_
b >~ β / V_V
b >~ ⁿb / V[+nasal]_
t >~ s / V_V[+front +high]
t >~ tʷ / V[-round]_u
t >~ ⁿt / V[+nasal]_
ɟ > gʲ / _V[+front]
ɟ > g / _V[+front]
ɟ > g / _V[+front] (for older speakers)
k > kʰ / _
k >~ ⁿk / V[+nasal]_
j > dʒ / _V[-front] (for older speakers)
j > dʑ / _V[-front] (for older speakers)
j > dʒ / _V[+back] (for younger speakers)
j > dʑ / _V[+back] (for younger speakers)
j >~ ⁿdʑ / V[+nasal]_
j >~ ⁿdʒ / V[+nasal]_
j > ʒ / (non-canonical form - i.e. alternate representation of the phoneme)
j > dʒ / (non-canonical form - i.e. alternate representation of the phoneme)
w >~ ⁿgʷ / V[+nasal]_
l >~ l̃ / V[+nasal]_ C[+nasal]V_
r >~ ⁿd / V[+nasal]_
ɛ > e / with high pitch
ɛ > e / (non-canonical form - i.e. alternate representation of the phoneme)
ɔ > o / with high pitch
ɔ > o / (non-canonical form - i.e. alternate representation of the phoneme)
ø > ʏ / with high pitch
ø > ʏ / (non-canonical form - i.e. alternate representation of the phoneme)
ø̃ > œ̃ / with non-high pitch
ø̃ > œ̃ / (non-canonical form - i.e. alternate representation of the phoneme)
i > ɪ / with non-high pitch
ĩ > ɲ / {V[-nasal] #}_V when unstressed
ĩ > ɪ̃ / with high pitch
ĩ > ẽ / with non-high pitch
ĩ > ɪ̃ / (non-canonical form - i.e. alternate representation of the phoneme)
u > ʊ / with non-high pitch
u > o / with non-high pitch
ũ >~ ŋ̩ / especially after /h m n/
˥˩ > ˥ / _${˥ ˥˩}