Emilia-Romagna (emil1241-1)

Dialect: Bolognese

Hajek, John. Emilia-Romagna (in The Dialects of Italy, ed. Martin Maiden, Mair Perry). 1997.

Consonants (21)

p b		t d			k g
	ts̻ dz̻		tʃ dʒ
f v		s z
m		n		ɲ	ŋ
				j
		l
		r

Vowels (9)

iː		uː
e eː		o oː
ɛː
	a aː

Diphthongs (2)

ai̯ au̯

Notes

Older speakers have /æ ɒ/, which have merged into /a/.

All consonants but /ŋ/ are lengthened after short vowels, even in clusters.

Allophonic rules

p > pː / V[-long]_
b > bː / V[-long]_
t > tː / V[-long]_
d > dː / V[-long]_
k > kː / V[-long]_
g > gː / V[-long]_
ts̻ > ts̻ː / V[-long]_
ts̻ > ts / (non-canonical form - i.e. alternate representation of the phoneme)
dz̻ > dz̻ː / V[-long]_
dz̻ > dz / (non-canonical form - i.e. alternate representation of the phoneme)
tʃ > tʃː / V[-long]_
dʒ > dʒː / V[-long]_
f > fː / V[-long]_
v > vː / V[-long]_
s > sː / V[-long]_
z > zː / V[-long]_
m > mː / V[-long]_
n > nː / V[-long]_
ɲ > ɲː / V[-long]_
j > jː / V[-long]_
l > lː / V[-long]_
r > rː / V[-long]_
a >~ æ / _ŋ
oː >~ ɔː / free variation
oː > ɔː / (non-canonical form - i.e. alternate representation of the phoneme)
iː > i / unstressed
uː > u / unstressed