Bai (cent2004-11)

Dialect: Jinxing

Wang, Feng. Comparison of Languages in Contact: The Distillation Method and the Case of Bai. 2006. hh:hvw:Wang:Bai

Consonants (23)

pʰ p	tʰ t			kʰ k		ʔ
	tsʰ ts	tɕʰ tɕ
f v	s	ɕ		x ɣ
m	n			ŋ
			j		w
	l

Vowels (13)

	ꭒ ꭒ̃
i ĩ	ɯ u
e ẽ	o õ
	ʌ ʌ̃
æ

Diphthongs (2)

(i̯au̯)
	ou̯

Tones (8)

˥ {˥̠́} ˦̠ ˦˨̰ ˧ (˧˥) ˧˩ ˨˩ꜝ

Notes

˨˩ꜝ is "21 [harsh]". ˥̠́ is only used for recent Chinese loans in the _qusheng_ tone.

Allophonic rules

w > ɥ / _i
æ > a / (non-canonical form - i.e. alternate representation of the phoneme)
ʌ > ɑ / (non-canonical form - i.e. alternate representation of the phoneme)
ʌ̃ > ɑ̃ / (non-canonical form - i.e. alternate representation of the phoneme)
e > ə / _n