b >
β / intervocalically, in syllable codas, and following non-homorganic consonants
t >
tʰ / morpheme-initially before a vowel
d >
ɻ̥ / word-finally
d >
ɖ / intervocalically, in syllable codas, and following non-homorganic consonants
d >
ɽ / intervocalically, in syllable codas, and following non-homorganic consonants
k >
kʰ / morpheme-initially before a vowel
g >
k / word-finally
g >
ɣ / intervocalically or in syllable codas
n >
n̥ / in consonant clusters with voiceless plosives
ŋ >
ŋ̥ / in consonant clusters with voiceless plosives
l >
l̥ / in consonant clusters with voiceless plosives
r >
r̥ / in consonant clusters with voiceless plosives
a >~
ə / in an unstressed open syllable; usually word-finally
e >~
ɛ / interconsonantally; usually before a nasal
e >
e̯ / preceding /o/ or /a/ and following either a word boundary or another vowel; or following /o/ or /a/; this rule doesn't apply across morpheme boundaries except in fast speech
o >
o̯ / preceding /e/ or /a/ and following either a word boundary or another vowel; or following /e/ or /a/; this rule doesn't apply across morpheme boundaries except in fast speech
i >~
ɪ / interconsonantally; usually before a nasal
i >
i̯ / preceding any other vowel and following either a word boundary or another vowel; or following a vowel that doesn't disagree in frontness; this rule doesn't apply across morpheme boundaries except in fast speech
u >
u̯ / preceding any other vowel and following either a word boundary or another vowel; or following a vowel that doesn't disagree in frontness; this rule doesn't apply across morpheme boundaries except in fast speech